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Copper Country Architects

Charles K. Shand
George D. Eastman
Clarence L. Cowles
Shand & Eastman
Cowles & Eastman

by Kiel Vanderhovel and Derek Dykens

Endnotes

Introduction
Biography
Buildings
Endnotes

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  1. “Heart Attack Proves Fatal to Architect,” Hibbing Daily Tribune, 22 October 1945, quoted in Calumet Theatre Revue (Summer 2006), 5.
  2. Daily Mining Gazette, 21 April 1900.
  3. “Heart Attack Proves Fatal.”
  4. Eckert, Sandstone Architecture, 164-165.
  5. Polk Directory, 1903-1904.
  6. Polk Directory, 1901-1902.
  7. Withey, Biographical Dictionary, 143.
  8. Eckert, Sandstone Architecture, 244.
  9. Coll. # MS – 046. Box 01 Folder 32, MTU Archives.
  10. Copper Country Evening News, 9 June 1898.
  11. “Calumet Fire Station,” National Register of Historic Places Registration Form (U.S. Department of Interior, National Park Service, 1974).
  12. Coll. # MS – 046. Box 01 Folder 33, MTU Archives.
  13. Coll. # MS – 046. Box 01 Folder 33, MTU Archives.
  14. Polk Directory, 1910.
  15. Copper Country Evening News, 2 May 1899, cited in National Register form for Calumet Fire Station.
  16. Eckert, Sandstone Architecture, 168.
  17. “Calumet Theater,” 4 April 2006.
  18. Coll. # MS – 046. Box 01 Folder 01, MTU Archives.
  19. “When Broadway Came to Copper Town,” Keweenaw Traveler, 4 April 2006.
  20. Eckert, Sandstone Architecture, 244.
  21. Vertical files, Keweenaw National Historical Park Archives.
  22. “Model Hospital,” Copper Country Evening News, 16 August 1900.
  23. “Model Hospital,” Copper Country Evening News, 16 August 1900.
  24. “Model Hospital,” Copper Country Evening News, 16 August 1900.
  25. Coll. # MS – 046. Box 02 Folder 14, MTU Archives.
  26. Coll. # MS – 046. Box 02 Folder 14, MTU Archives.
  27. “The Quello Block,” Copper Country Evening News, 3 August 1900.
  28. “Ready in a Week,” Daily Mining Gazette, December 22, 1900.
  29. “The Quello Block,” Copper Country Evening News, 3 August 1900.
  30. “Ready in a Week,” Daily Mining Gazette, December 22, 1900.
  31. Kathryn Bishop Eckert, “The Sandstone Architecture of the Lake Superior Region” (Ph.D. diss., University of Michigan, 1982), 449.
  32. Gundlach Collection, 85C, 85G, MTU Archives.
  33. Polk Directory, 1901-1902.
  34. Gundlach Collection, 85R, MTU Archives.
  35. Polk Directory, 1903-1904.
  36. Polk Directory, 1903-1904.
  37. Gundlach Collection, 85R, MTU Archives.
  38. Contract with Shand & Eastman is in the church’s files.
  39. "With Builders in Metropolis," Daily Mining Gazette, 1 June 1907.  "Dedication of Fine Church a Notable Event," Calumet News, 29 June 1908.

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